🔬Today's Topic will be About the Routine Histopathology Steps🧪
Histopathology is the examination of tissues from the body under a microscope to spot the signs and characteristics of disease.
Let's talk about each step, in brief:
1- Biopsy Collection:
A biopsy sample is a small piece of tissue taken from the body to be examined under a microscope. It helps doctors diagnose diseases like cancer, infections, or other medical conditions. The sample is collected using a needle, a small incision, or surgery.
2- Fixation:
Tissue fixation in histology is a crucial process that preserves biological tissues for microscopic examination. It prevents decomposition, maintains tissue structure, and stabilizes cellular components. Fixatives like formalin are commonly used to harden the tissue.
3- Grossing:
During grossing, a pathologist or technician inspects the sample’s size, shape, color, and texture and records these details. The tissue may be measured, inked for margin identification, and sectioned into smaller pieces for proper processing.
4-5 Tissue Processing (& Embedding):
Tissue processing is the preparation of tissue samples for microscopic examination. It involves several steps to preserve and harden the tissue, making it suitable for sectioning. The process starts with dehydration, where water is removed using alcohol. Next is clearing, where alcohol is replaced by a clearing agent like xylene to make the tissue transparent. After tissue processing, the sample is placed in a mold filled with molten paraffin (embedding step), which is then allowed to cool and harden.
6- Sectioning:
Sectioning is the process of cutting the hardened waxed tissue from previous step, into thin slices. These sections can be mounted and prepared on a variety of slides for staining.
7- Staining:
Is the process of applying dyes to tissue sections to enhance contrast and highlight specific structures under a microscope. After sectioning, the tissue is mounted on a slide and undergoes deparaffinization and rehydration to remove wax and prepare it for staining.
8- Screening & Diagnoses:
After tissue processing and staining, the sample is examined under a microscope for diagnosis. A pathologist carefully analyzes the tissue’s structure, cellular details, and staining patterns.
9- Archiving:
Archiving involves the systematic storage of tissue slides and blocks for future reference, research, ...
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